INDIA’S SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WORLD
* Few
discoveries were also later done by some westerners
*** Later
known as or known to be
# Later by
Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727 later known as Newton’s Law of Motion
# Later
confirmed by Galileo Galilei 1564-1642
## More
refinement
1.
Discovery and use of Zero: Pingalacharya - 200BC
2.
Loans and Interests: Vishnusmruthi - 100BC
3.
Charging Interests: Vishnusmruthi - 100BC
4.
Pythagorus Theorem *: Boudhayana - 700BC
5.
Binomial Theorem *: Pingalacharya - 200 BC
6.
Geometry in Sulbusutra – II: Boudhayana - 700BC
7.
Rules of Bodies in Motion * #: Aryabatta 1 - 499AD
8.
Arc and Chord: Aryabatta 1 - 499AD
9.
Circle – Value of Phi: Aryabatta 1 - 499AD
9A.
Circle – Value of Phi ##: Baskaracharya 1 - 628 AD
10.
Triangles: Aryabatta 1 - 499 AD
11.
Rotation of Earth II *#: Aryabatta 1 - 499AD
12.
Eclipse 1: Aryabatta 1 - 499 AD
13.
Four Quadrants of Earth: Aryabatta 1 -499 AD
14.
Nrushiysjanam: Aryabatta 1 -499AD
15.
Day Diameter: Panchasiddhantika 4 - 505 AD
16.
Meridian and Time: Varahamihira
17.
Knowledge of Infinity: Baskaracharya 11 in 600 AD and refined by Bharmaguptha
in 1148 AD same were republished by Albert Einstein 1879-1955
18.
Use of Ratio and Proportion: Baskaracharya 1 – 628 AD
19.
Use of Fractions: Baskaracharya 1 – 628 AD
20.
Partnership and Shares: Baskaracharya 1 – 628 AD
21.
Progression of Type 1 Sq +2Sq +3Sq + 4Sq: Bhaskaracharya 1 - 628 AD
22.
Progression of Type 1Cu + 2C+3Cu+ 4Cu: Bhaskarachrya 1 – 628 AD
23.
Triangles (Quiz) Baskara 1 – 628 AD
24.
Rotation of Earth 1: Bharmaguptha – 629 AD
25.
Place Values 1: Vyasa Bhashya to Yoga Sutra – 650 AD
26.
Parallax II: Lallacharya – 700 AD
27.
Parallax III: Lallacharya – 700 AD
28.
Apogee, Perigee and Orbit of Earth: Lallacharya – 700 AD
29.
Appearances of Circumference of Earth: Lallacharya – 700 AD
30.
Shape of Earth: Lallacharya – 700 AD
31.
Globe: Varahamihira – 505 AD
32.
Meridian and Time: Baskara 1 – 628 AD
33.
Eclipse 11: Lallacharya – 700 AD
34.
Eclipse 111: Lallacharya – 700 AD
35.
Angular Dimensions: Vateswara – 880 AD
36.
Horizon: Vateswara – 880 AD
37.
Astronomical Definitions: Vateswara – 880 AD
38.
Equator: Vateswara – 880 AD
39.
6 o’ Clock Circle: Vateswara – 880 AD
40.
Circle of Diurnal Moon: Vateswara – 880 AD
41.
Day Radius: Vateswara – 880 AD
42.
Ecliptic: Vateswara – 880 AD
43.
Setting point of Ecliptic: Vateswara – 880 AD
44.
Rising – Setting line: Vateswara – 880 AD
45.
Day Radius and Earth sine: Vateswara – 880 AD
46.
Sun’s Prime Vertical: Vateswara – 880 AD
47.
Progression of Type En + En Sq + En Cu: Sreedharacharya – 900 AD
48.
First Degree Indeterminate Equation: Sreedharacharya – 900 AD
49.
Newton Gauss: Vateswara – 904 AD (Later by Newton in 1670)
50.
First Order Equation – II: Sreedharacharya – 990 AD
51.
Equations of Higher Order -1: Sreedharacharya – 990 AD
52.
Permutations and Combinations -1: Sridaracharya – 990 AD
53.
Interest Calculation: Sreedharacharya – 990 Ad
54.
Meeting place of the two surfaces: Aryabatta 1 – 499 AD
55.
Meridian: Sankaranarayana 1 – 950 AD
56.
Eclipse -1: Sankaranarayana 1 – 950 AD
57.
Knowledge of Infinity: Bharmaguptha & Baskaracharya II – 600 & 1148 AD
58.
Permutations and Combination II: Baskaracharya II – 1114 AD
59.
Calculations with Zero: Sripati – 1039 AD
60.
First Order Equation -1: Bhaskaracharya II- 1114 AD
61.
Equations of higher Order –II: Bhaskaracharya II – 1114 AD
62.
Area of Circle and Sphere: Baskaracharya II- 1114 AD
63.
Polygonal: Baskara II – 1114 AD
64.
Length of Arc – Chord: Baskara II – 1114 AD
65.
Arc and Arrow: Baskara II- 1114 AD
66.
Volumes of Cones: Baskara II – 1114 AD
67.
Gravity: Baskara II – 1114 AD
68.
Use of Average Values: Baskaracharya II – 1150 AD
69.
Gregory’s calender: Madhava – 1350 AD (in 1632 by Pope Ugo Buoncompagni Gregory
XIII)
70.
*** De Molvre’s (1650 AD) Approximation: Madhavacharya – 1350 AD
71.
***Lhuiler’s (1782 AD) Formula: Madhavacharya – 1350 AD
72.
*** Lebnitz (1673 AD) Power Series: Puthumana Somayaji – 1440 AD
73.
***Taylor (1685 AD) Series of Sine and Cosine: Nilakanta – 1444 AD
74.
*** Newton’s Infinite GP Convergent series: Nilakantha- 1444 AD
75.
Somayaji’s Theorems: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD
76.
Arc & Chord: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD
77.
Sine, Cosine, Radius and Arc: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD
78.
*** Newton’s (1660 AD) Power Series: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD
79.
Velocity of Planets per Day: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD
80.
Place Values – II: Sankaracharya – Year unknown
81.
Tycho Brahe Reduction of Ecliptic: Achyuta Pisharoti – Year Unknown
82.
Parallax -1: Lallacharya – Year Unknown
Inventions by
Indian Scientists and later by Western Scientists:
Word in Red
are by Indians and black by Westerners
1.
BHOUDHAYANA – 700 BC -> Pythagoras Theorem: Pythagoras – 500
BC
& Proof of Pythagoras Theorem: Euclid –
300 BC
2.
SUSRUTHA – 700 BC-> Cataract Operation : Joseph Lister – 1600 AD
lithotomy: Marios Santos – 1600 AD
Plastic Surgery: Joseph Constantine –
1814 AD
Nose Surgery: Gasparo Tag Cozzi –
1600 AD
Caesarean:
Amputation:
Organ Transplant:
Artificial implantation of organs:
Surgical Instruments:
Anastasia:
3.
KANAPPAR (Year Not known) : Eye Transplant
4.
GOUTHAMA - 300 BC -> *** Evolution Theory: Charles Robert
Darwin – 1800 AD
*** Wave Nature of Sound: Hyghen – 1700 AD
5. KANAADA –
300 BC - > *** Atomic Theory:
John Dalton (1766-1844) – 1822 AD
6. CHARAKA –
300 BC - > *** Blood Circulation:
William Harvey (1578-1657) – 1656 AD
*** Micro Organisms: Lewis Pasture: 1822
AD
7.
ARYABHATTA -1 - 476 AD ->
*** Spherical Shape of Earth: Galileo
Galilei – 1564 AD
*** Revolution of Earth: Kepler – 1571 AD
*** Apogee: Kepler
*** Sine & Cosine: DeMolvre’s
*** Diameter of Earth: Copernicus – 1473
AD
*** Value of Pie: Lindemann – 1882 AD
*** Square Root Determination: Cantanew
– 1546 AD
8.
VARAHAMITRA – 505 AD ->
Comets:
Haley – 1656 AD
9.
BRAMAGUPTHA – 628 AD ->
*** Style’s Equation: Style – 1600 AD
*** Positive integral: DeMolvre’s – 1667
AD
*** Sterling Formula: Sterling – 1642 AD
*** Newton’s Sterling Interpolation:
Newton / Sterling
*** Equation for Area for Cyclic Quadrilateral:
W. Shell – 1619 AD
*** Equation for Radius of Cyclic Quadrilateral:
Lhuiler – 1782 AD
*** Intermediate Equation of Second Degree:
Langrange – 1560
10.
GOVINDASWAMIN – 800 AD - >
*** Newton Gauss Forward:
*** Interpolation Formula: NEWTON / GAUSS
11.
LALLACHARYA – 748 AD - >
*** Perigee: Kepler
12.
VATESWARA – 860 AD ->
*** Newton Gauss Backward:
*** Interpolation Formula: Newton / Gauss
13. BHASKARA
II - 1114 AD ->
*** Gravity: Newton
*** Cyclic Method: Galois – 1600 AD
*** Inverse Cyclic Method: Euler – 1600
AD
*** Differential Calculus: Newton
*** Rolle’s Theorem: Rolle – 1646 AD
*** Theory of Continued Fraction:
Sanderson
*** Pellian Equation: Deoron Pale – 1660
AD
14. MADHAVA
– 1350 AD - >
*** Taylor Sine Cosine Series: Taylor –
1685 AD
*** Lebnitz Series: Lednitz – 1642 AD
*** Gregory’s series of Arc: Gregory
*** Lednitz Infinite: Lebnitz
15.
PARAMESWARA – 1360 AD ->
*** Lhuiler Formula: Lhuiler – 1782 AD
16.
NILAKANTHA – 1440 AD - >
***
Infinite GP Series: Newton
***
Lebnitz Power Series: Lebnitz
17.
SAYANA – 1400 AD - >
***
Velocity of Light: Newton –
1642 AD
18.
PUTHUMANA SOMAYAJI – 1440 AD ->
***
DeMolvre’s Infinite Series:
DeMolvre’s
19.
ACHYUTHA PISHAROTI – 1530 AD - >
***
Tycho – Brahe Reduction: Tycho
Brahe – 1546 AD
THESE ARE MY CONSCIENTIOUS COLLECTION OF DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES.
