Ancient Indian Inventions

INDIA’S SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WORLD

* Few discoveries were also later done by some westerners

*** Later known as or known to be

# Later by Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727 later known as Newton’s Law of Motion

# Later confirmed by Galileo Galilei 1564-1642

## More refinement

1. Discovery and use of Zero: Pingalacharya - 200BC

2. Loans and Interests: Vishnusmruthi - 100BC

3. Charging Interests: Vishnusmruthi - 100BC

4. Pythagorus Theorem *: Boudhayana - 700BC

5. Binomial Theorem *: Pingalacharya - 200 BC

6. Geometry in Sulbusutra – II: Boudhayana - 700BC

7. Rules of Bodies in Motion * #: Aryabatta 1 - 499AD

8. Arc and Chord: Aryabatta 1 - 499AD

9. Circle – Value of Phi: Aryabatta 1 - 499AD

9A. Circle – Value of Phi ##: Baskaracharya 1 - 628 AD

10. Triangles: Aryabatta 1 - 499 AD

11. Rotation of Earth II *#: Aryabatta 1 - 499AD

12. Eclipse 1: Aryabatta 1 - 499 AD

13. Four Quadrants of Earth: Aryabatta 1 -499 AD

14. Nrushiysjanam: Aryabatta 1 -499AD

15. Day Diameter: Panchasiddhantika 4 - 505 AD

16. Meridian and Time: Varahamihira

17. Knowledge of Infinity: Baskaracharya 11 in 600 AD and refined by Bharmaguptha in 1148 AD same were republished by Albert Einstein 1879-1955

18. Use of Ratio and Proportion: Baskaracharya 1 – 628 AD

19. Use of Fractions: Baskaracharya 1 – 628 AD

20. Partnership and Shares: Baskaracharya 1 – 628 AD

21. Progression of Type 1 Sq +2Sq +3Sq + 4Sq: Bhaskaracharya 1 - 628 AD

22. Progression of Type 1Cu + 2C+3Cu+ 4Cu: Bhaskarachrya 1 – 628 AD

23. Triangles (Quiz) Baskara 1 – 628 AD

24. Rotation of Earth 1: Bharmaguptha – 629 AD

25. Place Values 1: Vyasa Bhashya to Yoga Sutra – 650 AD

26. Parallax II: Lallacharya – 700 AD

27. Parallax III: Lallacharya – 700 AD

28. Apogee, Perigee and Orbit of Earth: Lallacharya – 700 AD

29. Appearances of Circumference of Earth: Lallacharya – 700 AD

30. Shape of Earth: Lallacharya – 700 AD

31. Globe: Varahamihira – 505 AD

32. Meridian and Time: Baskara 1 – 628 AD

33. Eclipse 11: Lallacharya – 700 AD

34. Eclipse 111: Lallacharya – 700 AD

35. Angular Dimensions: Vateswara – 880 AD

36. Horizon: Vateswara – 880 AD

37. Astronomical Definitions: Vateswara – 880 AD

38. Equator: Vateswara – 880 AD

39. 6 o’ Clock Circle: Vateswara – 880 AD

40. Circle of Diurnal Moon: Vateswara – 880 AD

41. Day Radius: Vateswara – 880 AD

42. Ecliptic: Vateswara – 880 AD

43. Setting point of Ecliptic: Vateswara – 880 AD

44. Rising – Setting line: Vateswara – 880 AD

45. Day Radius and Earth sine: Vateswara – 880 AD

46. Sun’s Prime Vertical: Vateswara – 880 AD

47. Progression of Type En + En Sq + En Cu: Sreedharacharya – 900 AD

48. First Degree Indeterminate Equation: Sreedharacharya – 900 AD

49. Newton Gauss: Vateswara – 904 AD (Later by Newton in 1670)

50. First Order Equation – II: Sreedharacharya – 990 AD

51. Equations of Higher Order -1: Sreedharacharya – 990 AD

52. Permutations and Combinations -1: Sridaracharya – 990 AD

53. Interest Calculation: Sreedharacharya – 990 Ad

54. Meeting place of the two surfaces: Aryabatta 1 – 499 AD

55. Meridian: Sankaranarayana 1 – 950 AD

56. Eclipse -1: Sankaranarayana 1 – 950 AD

57. Knowledge of Infinity: Bharmaguptha & Baskaracharya II – 600 & 1148 AD

58. Permutations and Combination II: Baskaracharya II – 1114 AD

59. Calculations with Zero: Sripati – 1039 AD

60. First Order Equation -1: Bhaskaracharya II- 1114 AD

61. Equations of higher Order –II: Bhaskaracharya II – 1114 AD

62. Area of Circle and Sphere: Baskaracharya II- 1114 AD

63. Polygonal: Baskara II – 1114 AD

64. Length of Arc – Chord: Baskara II – 1114 AD

65. Arc and Arrow: Baskara II- 1114 AD

66. Volumes of Cones: Baskara II – 1114 AD

67. Gravity: Baskara II – 1114 AD

68. Use of Average Values: Baskaracharya II – 1150 AD

69. Gregory’s calender: Madhava – 1350 AD (in 1632 by Pope Ugo Buoncompagni Gregory XIII)

70. *** De Molvre’s (1650 AD) Approximation: Madhavacharya – 1350 AD

71. ***Lhuiler’s (1782 AD) Formula: Madhavacharya – 1350 AD

72. *** Lebnitz (1673 AD) Power Series: Puthumana Somayaji – 1440 AD

73. ***Taylor (1685 AD) Series of Sine and Cosine: Nilakanta – 1444 AD

74. *** Newton’s Infinite GP Convergent series: Nilakantha- 1444 AD

75. Somayaji’s Theorems: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD

76. Arc & Chord: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD

77. Sine, Cosine, Radius and Arc: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD

78. *** Newton’s (1660 AD) Power Series: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD

79. Velocity of Planets per Day: Puthumana Somayaji – 1450 AD

80. Place Values – II: Sankaracharya – Year unknown

81. Tycho Brahe Reduction of Ecliptic: Achyuta Pisharoti – Year Unknown

82. Parallax -1: Lallacharya – Year Unknown

Inventions by Indian Scientists and later by Western Scientists:

Word in Red are by Indians and black by Westerners

1.    BHOUDHAYANA – 700 BC -> Pythagoras Theorem: Pythagoras – 500 BC

& Proof of Pythagoras Theorem: Euclid – 300 BC

2.    SUSRUTHA – 700 BC-> Cataract Operation : Joseph Lister – 1600 AD

lithotomy: Marios Santos – 1600 AD

Plastic Surgery: Joseph Constantine – 1814 AD

Nose Surgery: Gasparo Tag Cozzi – 1600 AD

Caesarean:

Amputation:

Organ Transplant:

Artificial implantation of organs:

Surgical Instruments:

Anastasia:

3.    KANAPPAR (Year Not known) : Eye Transplant

4.    GOUTHAMA - 300 BC -> *** Evolution Theory: Charles Robert Darwin – 1800 AD

*** Wave Nature of Sound: Hyghen – 1700 AD

5. KANAADA – 300 BC - > *** Atomic Theory: John Dalton (1766-1844) – 1822 AD

6. CHARAKA – 300 BC - > *** Blood Circulation: William Harvey (1578-1657) – 1656 AD

*** Micro Organisms: Lewis Pasture: 1822 AD

7. ARYABHATTA -1 - 476 AD ->

*** Spherical Shape of Earth: Galileo Galilei – 1564 AD

*** Revolution of Earth: Kepler – 1571 AD

*** Apogee: Kepler

*** Sine & Cosine: DeMolvre’s

*** Diameter of Earth: Copernicus – 1473 AD

*** Value of Pie: Lindemann – 1882 AD

*** Square Root Determination: Cantanew – 1546 AD

8. VARAHAMITRA – 505 AD ->

Comets: Haley – 1656 AD

9. BRAMAGUPTHA – 628 AD ->

*** Style’s Equation: Style – 1600 AD

*** Positive integral: DeMolvre’s – 1667 AD

*** Sterling Formula: Sterling – 1642 AD

*** Newton’s Sterling Interpolation: Newton / Sterling

*** Equation for Area for Cyclic Quadrilateral: W. Shell – 1619 AD

*** Equation for Radius of Cyclic Quadrilateral: Lhuiler – 1782 AD

*** Intermediate Equation of Second Degree: Langrange – 1560

10. GOVINDASWAMIN – 800 AD - >

*** Newton Gauss Forward:

*** Interpolation Formula: NEWTON / GAUSS

11. LALLACHARYA – 748 AD - >

*** Perigee: Kepler

12. VATESWARA – 860 AD ->

*** Newton Gauss Backward:

*** Interpolation Formula: Newton / Gauss

13. BHASKARA II - 1114 AD ->

*** Gravity: Newton

*** Cyclic Method: Galois – 1600 AD

*** Inverse Cyclic Method: Euler – 1600 AD

*** Differential Calculus: Newton

*** Rolle’s Theorem: Rolle – 1646 AD

*** Theory of Continued Fraction: Sanderson

*** Pellian Equation: Deoron Pale – 1660 AD

14. MADHAVA – 1350 AD - >

*** Taylor Sine Cosine Series: Taylor – 1685 AD

*** Lebnitz Series: Lednitz – 1642 AD

*** Gregory’s series of Arc: Gregory

*** Lednitz Infinite: Lebnitz

15. PARAMESWARA – 1360 AD ->

*** Lhuiler Formula: Lhuiler – 1782 AD

16. NILAKANTHA – 1440 AD - >

*** Infinite GP Series: Newton

*** Lebnitz Power Series: Lebnitz

17. SAYANA – 1400 AD - >

*** Velocity of Light: Newton – 1642 AD

18. PUTHUMANA SOMAYAJI – 1440 AD ->

*** DeMolvre’s Infinite Series: DeMolvre’s

19. ACHYUTHA PISHAROTI – 1530 AD - >

*** Tycho – Brahe Reduction: Tycho Brahe – 1546 AD

THESE ARE MY  CONSCIENTIOUS COLLECTION OF DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES.